|
| necklace of precious stones Anh lạc 瓔珞 Muktāhāra |
|
|
| nectar ambroisie, élixir Cam lộ 甘露 amṛta |
|
|
| Next life Prochaine existence (Vie suivante) Hậu kiếp 後劫 Abhisamparãya |
|
|
| Nirvāṇa Nirvāṇa Niết bàn 涅槃 Nirvāṇa |
|
nirvāṇa, 'blown out, gone out, put out, extinguished'; 'liberated-from existence'; 'dead, deceased, defunct.' 'Liberation, eternal bliss'; '(with Buddhists and Jainas) absolute extinction or annihilation, complete extinction of individual existence.' M.W. Other forms are 涅槃那; 泥日; 泥洹; 泥畔 Originally translated 滅 to extinguish, extinction, put out (as a lamp or fire), it was also described as 解脫 release, 寂滅 tranquil extinction; 無爲 inaction, without effort, passiveness; 不生 no (re)birth; 安樂 calm joy; 滅度transmigration to 'extinction'. The meaning given to 'extinction' varies, e.g. individual extinction; cessation of rebirth; annihilation of passion; extinction of all misery and entry into bliss. While the meaning of individual extinction is not without advocates, the general acceptation is the extinction or end of all return to reincarnation with its concomitant suffering, and the entry into bliss. Nirvāṇa may be enjoyed in the present life as an attainable state, with entry into parinirvāṇa, or perfect bliss to follow. It may be (a) with a 'remainder', i.e. the cause but not all the effect (karma), of reincarnation having been destroyed; (b) without 'remainder', both cause and effect having been extinguished. The answer of the Buddha as to the continued personal existence of the Tathāgata in nirvāṇa is, in the Hīnayāna canon, relegated 'to the sphere of the indeterminates' (Keith), as one of the questions which are not essential to salvation. One argument is that flame when blown out does not perish but returns to the totality of Fire. The Nirvāṇa Sutra claims for nirvāṇa the ancient ideas of 常樂我淨 permanence, bliss, personality purity in the transcendental realm. Mahāyāna declares that Hīnayāna by denying personality in the transcendental realm denies the existence of the Buddha. In Mahāyāna final nirvāṇa is transcendental, and is also used as a term for the absolute. The place where the Buddha entered his earthly nirvāṇa is given as Kuśinagara.
|
| Nirvāṇa with remainder Hữu dư niết bàn 有餘涅槃 Sopadhi-śeṣa-nirvāṇa |
|
Incomplete nirvāṇa. Hīnayāna holds that the arhat after his last term of mortal existence enters into nirvāṇa, while alive here he is in the state of sopādhiśeṣa-nirvāṇa, limited, or modified, nirvāṇa, as contrasted with 無餘涅槃 nirupadhiśeṣa-nirvāṇa. Mahāyāna holds that when the cause 因 of reincarnation is ended the state is that of 有餘涅槃 incomplete nirvāṇa; when the effect 果 is ended, and 得佛之常身 the eternal Buddha-body has been obtained, then there is 無餘涅槃 complete nirvāṇa. Mahāyāna writers say that in the Hīnayāna 無餘涅槃 'remainderless' nirvāṇa for the arhat there are still remains of illusion, karma, and suffering, and it is therefore 有餘涅槃; in Mahāyāna 無餘涅槃 these remains of illusion, etc., are ended.
|
| Nirvāṇa without remainder Nirvāṇa sans reliquat Vô dư niết bàn 無餘涅槃 Nirupadhiśeṣa-nirvāṇa |
|
anupadhiśeṣa, the nirvāṇa state in which exists no remainder of the karma of suffering; it is also the nirvāṇa of arhat extinction of body and mind, described as 無餘灰斷.
|
| Noble Eightfold Path Noble Sentier Octuple Bát chánh đạo 八正道 Aṣṭāṅgika-mārga |
|
|
| Noetic hindrances Sở tri chướng 所知障 Jñeyāvaraṇa |
|
The barrier of the known, arising from regarding the seeming as real.
|
| Non-active inconditionné Vô vi 無為 asaṃskṛta |
|
Non-active, passive; laisser-faire; spontaneous, natural; uncaused, not subject to cause, condition, or dependence; transcendental, not in time, unchanging, eternal, inactive, and free from the passions or senses; non-phenomenal, noumenal; also intp. as nirvāṇa, dharma-nature, reality, and dharmadhātu.
|
| Non-appeared definite body Corps formel non-apparu Ẩn một tướng 隱沒相 |
|
One of the definite bodies of Buddha. The life of Buddha is infinite but this body is provisionally hidden.
|
| nothing to be attained Vô sở đắc 無所得 aprāptitva |
|
|
| nun nonne bouddhiste Tỉ khâu ni, Tì kheo ni 比丘尼 bhiksuni |
|
|
|
