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| Be mindful of the meritorious virtues of the Buddha Méditer sur un bouddha Niệm phật 念佛 Buddhānusmṛti |
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To repeat the name of a Buddha, audibly or inaudibly.
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| Become enlightened Illumination Giác ngộ 覺悟 |
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To awake, become enlightened, comprehend spiritual reality.
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| bestower of fearlessness Octroi-Courage, Donateur de Sécurité Thí vô uý giả 施無畏者 abhaya-dāna |
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| Blue lotus Lotus bleu Ưu bát la 優鉢羅 Utpala |
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| Bodhi tree Arbre de la Bodhi Bồ đề thụ 菩提樹 bodhi druma |
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that under which Śākyamuni attained his enlightenment, and became Buddha. The Ficus religiosa is the pippala, or aśvattha, wrongly identified by Faxian as the palm-tree; it is described as an evergreen, to have been 400 feet high, been cut down several times, but in the Tang dynasty still to be 40 or 50 feet high. A branch of it is said to have been sent by Aśoka to Ceylon, from which sprang the celebrated Bo-tree still flourishing there.
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| Bodhidharma Boddhi Dharma Bồ Đề Đạt Ma 菩提達磨 Bodhidharma |
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| Bodhisattva Bodhisattva Bồ tát 菩薩 Bodhisattva |
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| brahma heaven Brahma Phạm thiên 梵天 Brahmā、Brahma-deva |
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| Brahman Brahmane Bà la môn 婆羅門 Brāhmaṇa |
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Brahman is part of the upper rank in India.They are the most important and respectable men. They are the priests, teachers and men of law. More in general, a Brahman is a literary man having important knowledge.
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| breath counting meditation samadhi du compter-du-souffle Số tức quán 數息觀 ānāpāna-smṛti |
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To count the breathing in order to calm mind and body for meditation
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| Buddha Bouddha Phật 佛 Buddha |
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Buddha, from budh to "be aware of", "conceive", "observe", "wake"; also 佛陀; 浮圖; 浮陀; 浮頭; 浮塔; 勃陀; 勃馱; 沒馱; 母馱; 母陀; 部陀; 休屠. Buddha means "completely conscious, enlightened", and came to mean the enlightener. he Chinese translation is 覺 to perceive, aware, awake; and 智 gnosis, knowledge. There is an Eternal Buddha, see e.g. the Lotus Sutra, cap. 16, and multitudes of Buddhas, but the personality of a Supreme Buddha, an Ādi-Buddha, is not defined. Buddha is in and through all things, and some schools are definitely Pan-Buddhist in the pantheistic sense. In the triratna 三寳 commonly known as 三寳佛, while Śākyamuni Buddha is the first "person" of the Trinity, his Law the second, and the Order the third, all three by some are accounted as manifestations of the All-Buddha. As Śākyamuni, the title indicates him as the last of the line of Buddhas who have appeared in this world, Maitreya is to be the next. As such he is the one who has achieved enlightenment, having discovered the essential evil of existence (some say mundane existence, others all existence), and the way of deliverance from the constant round of reincarnations; this way is through the moral life into nirvana, by means of self-abnegation, the monastic life, and meditation. By this method a Buddha, or enlightened one, himself obtains Supreme Enlightenment, or Omniscience, and according to Māhāyanism leads all beings into the same enlightenment. He sees things not as they seem in their phenomenal but in their noumenal aspects, as they really are. The term is also applied to those who understand the chain of causality (twelve nidānas) and have attained enlightenment surpassing that of the arhat. Four types of the Buddha are referred to: (1) 三藏佛the Buddha of the Tripiṭaka who attained enlightenment on the bare ground under the bodhi-tree; (2) 通佛the Buddha on the deva robe under the bodhi-tree of the seven precious things; (3) 別佛the Buddha on the great precious Lotus throne under the Lotus realm bodhi-tree; and (4) 圓佛the Buddha on the throne of Space in the realm of eternal rest and glory where he is Vairocana. The Hīnayāna only admits the existence of one Buddha at a time; Mahāyāna claims the existence of many Buddhas at one and the same time, as many Buddhas as there are Buddha-universes, which are infinite in number.
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| Buddha's wisdom Phật trí 佛智 Buddha-jñāna |
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Buddha-wisdom, i.e. supreme, universal gnosis, awareness or intelligence; sarvajñatā, omniscience.
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| Buddha-nature Bouddha nature Phật tính 佛性 Buddha-dhātu |
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The Buddha-nature, i.e. gnosis, enlightenment; potential bodhi remains in every gati, i.e. all have the capacity for enlightenment; for the Buddha-nature remains in all as wheat-nature remains in all wheat. This nature takes two forms: 理 noumenal, in the absolute sense, unproduced and immortal, and 行 phenomenal, in action. While every one possesses the Buddha-nature, it requires to be cultivated in order to produce its ripe fruit.
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| Buddhist monk Moine bouddhiste Tỉ khâu, Tì kheo 比丘 Bhikkhu, Bhikṣu |
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a religious mendicant, an almsman, one who has left home, been fully ordained, and depends on alms for a living. Some are styled 乞士 mendicant scholars, all are 釋種 Śākya-seed, offspring of Buddha. The Chinese characters are clearly used as a phonetic equivalent, but many attempts have been made to give meanings to the two words, e. g. 比 as 破 and 丘 as 煩惱, hence one who destroys the passions and delusions, also 悕能 able to overawe Māra and his minions; also 除饉 to get rid of dearth, moral and spiritual. Two kinds 内乞 and 外乞; both indicate self-control, the first by internal mental or spiritual methods, the second by externals such as strict diet. 苾芻 is a fragrant plant, emblem of the monastic life.
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